人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。

　　一、人稱代詞

　　人稱代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓

　　語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有下列人稱代詞：

　　在并列的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：

　　Liping and I are in charge of the work.

　　My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.

　　二、物主代詞

　　物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(接在of 后面)。英語(yǔ)中有下列物主代詞：

　　名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如：

　　My bag is yellow， his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown.

　　三、反身代詞

　　反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。如：

　　Please help yourself to some tea.(賓語(yǔ))

　　The boy is too young to look after himself.(賓語(yǔ))

　　I'll be myself again in no time.(表語(yǔ))

　　The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位語(yǔ))

　　四、指示代詞

　　指示代詞包括this， that， these， those 和such， 在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等(such不作賓語(yǔ))。

　　that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。用the one 的時(shí)候更多一些。如：

　　These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生產(chǎn)

　　The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量

　　The best wine is that from France.

　　My room is lighter than the one next door.

　　I'll take the seat next to the one by the window.

　　The film is more funny than that one.

　　that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如：

　　They have no time to read the books. That's their trouble.

　　She was ill yesterday. That's why she was absent.

　　What I want to say is this： Pronunciation is very important in learning English.

　　this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示程度。如：

　　I don't want that much.

　　The book is about this thick.

　　五。疑問(wèn)代詞

　　疑問(wèn)代詞包括what， which， who， whom， whose， 可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What， which， who在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。如：

　　Which do you prefer， the yellow one or the white one? (賓語(yǔ))

　　What's your sister?(表語(yǔ))

　　The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引導(dǎo)定從句)

　　The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引導(dǎo)定從句)

　　I don't remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)

　　疑問(wèn)代詞what， which， who， whom后面可以加ever來(lái)加重語(yǔ)氣。如：

　　Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?誰(shuí)這么深更半夜來(lái)找人?

　　I'll say whatever comes into my head.

　　Take whichever book you like.

　　六。不定代詞

　　不定代詞包括both， either， neither， all， none， no， one， each， every， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， some， any， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。

　　(一)both， either， neither

　　both 表示“兩者(都)”，either表示“(兩者之中)任何一個(gè)”，neither表示“(兩者之中)沒(méi)有一個(gè)”。三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，both還可以作同位語(yǔ)。

　　My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅長(zhǎng)做某事)

　　Neither of the answers is right.

　　Either of the books belongs to you.

　　You and I are both to blame.

　　You both agreed to stay.

　　Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。

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